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opportunity principle

  • 1 fair equality of opportunity

    фил., эк. честное равенство возможностей (один из трех принципов справедливости в теории Дж. Роулза; предполагает формальное и реальное равенство возможностей; для последнего необходимы гарантированные равные права на образование)
    Syn:
    See:

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > fair equality of opportunity

  • 2 liberal equality principle

    фил. принцип либеральной свободы
    Syn:
    See:

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > liberal equality principle

  • 3 liberty principle

    фил. принцип свободы
    Syn:
    See:
    * * *

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > liberty principle

  • 4 the principle of equal opportunity for men and women has come (is here) to stay

    Общая лексика: принцип равных возможностей для мужчин и женщин укоренился навек

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > the principle of equal opportunity for men and women has come (is here) to stay

  • 5 the principle of equal opportunity for men and women has come to stay

    Общая лексика: (is here) принцип равных возможностей для мужчин и женщин укоренился навек

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > the principle of equal opportunity for men and women has come to stay

  • 6 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
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    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
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    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
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    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
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    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 7 offer

    ˈɔfə
    1. сущ.
    1) предложение to make an offer ≈ делать предложение to accept, agree to offer ≈ принять предложение to consider an offer ≈ рассматривать предложение to decline, refuse, reject, spurn an offer ≈ отклонять предложение binding offer ≈ серьезное предложение firm offer ≈ твердое предложение, твердая оферта introductory offer ≈ начальное предложение job offer ≈ предложение работы reasonable offer ≈ разумное предложение tempting offer ≈ заманчивое предложение tentative, trial offer ≈ пробное предложение Her offer to help was accepted gratefully. ≈ Ее предложение помочь было воспринято с благодарностью.
    2) экон. а) оферта (предложение одного лица другому, сообщающее о желании заключить с ним договор) offer for offer of б) предложение цены Syn: bid
    1.
    3) попытка Syn: attempt, endeavour, try
    1. ∙ (goods) on offer ≈ в продаже
    2. гл.
    1) предлагать;
    делать предложение to offer a free pardon ≈ обещать полное прощение offer hand Syn: bid, present, proffer, propose, tender I
    2., volunteer Ant: forswear, reject withhold
    2) пытаться;
    пробовать offer resistance
    3) а) выдвигать, предлагать вниманию They offered us many solutions to a problem. ≈ Они предложили нашему вниманию много решений данной проблемы. Syn: propose, suggest б) выражать готовность (сделать что-л.) He offered to help me. ≈ Он выразил готовность помочь мне.
    4) а) фин. предлагать для продажи по определенной цене;
    предлагать определенную цену Syn: afford б) назначать цену на торгах Syn: bid
    2.
    5) а) приносить( жертву;
    особ. offer up) Syn: sacrifice
    2. б) возносить( молитвы) предложение - an * of support предложение поддержки - an * to help предложение помочь - an * for sale объявление о продаже( чего-л.) - a job * предложение о найме - to make an * сделать предложение - will you keep the * open? ваше предложение остается в силе? - I'm open to an * я готов рассмотреть предложение брачное предложение (экономика) предложение (товара, ценных бумаг, займа и т. п.) - counter * встречное предложение, контроферта предложение цены, предлагаемая цена( на аукционе, торгах и т. п.) - they made an * of $500 for the cottage за домик предлагают 500 долларов продажа - (goods) on * в продаже (имеются)... - "on * this week", "this week's special *" "в продаже только на этой неделе" (объявление) попытка - he made an * to catch the ball он попытался схватить мяч предлагать - to * assistance предлагать помощь - he *ed me ahis car for a week он предложил мне свой автомобиль на неделю выдвигать, предлагать вниманию - to * smth. for consideration предлагать что-л. для рассмотрения - to * a plan выдвигать план выражать;
    оказывать;
    предлагать - to * an apology приносить извинения - to * advice давать совет - to * homage проявлять почтение - to * opinion выражать мнение - to * a free pardon обещать полное прощение - to * worship to smb., smth. поклоняться кому-л., чему-л. - to * battle навязать бой - the doctor *ed no hope доктор не обещал никакой надежды - may I * my congratulations? разрешите поздравить вас? предлагать для продажи;
    выставлять на продажу - to * a house for... продавать дом за... предложить цену - to * a certain sum for a car предложить за машину определенную сумму пытаться, пробовать - to * resistance оказывать сопротивление - to * violence пытаться действовать насильственными методами являться, представляться - as occasion *s при случае - take the first opportunity that *s воспользуйтесь первой же возможностью возносить (молитвы) - to * prayers молиться приносить (в жертву) - to * up a sacrifice принести в жертву > to * one's hand протягивать руку;
    делать предложение (выйти замуж) advantageous ~ выгодное предложение ~ случаться, являться;
    as chance( или opportunity, occasion) offers при случае attractive ~ заманчивое предложение bargain ~ предложение о заключении сделки bargain ~ предложение о продаже best ~ бирж. наилучшее предложение best ~ бирж. предложение наиболее выгодной цены binding ~ обязывающее предложение cash refund ~ предложение возврата наличных денег closing ~ окончательное предложение contract ~ контрактное предложение contractual ~ договорное предложение cross ~ встречное предложение effective ~ действующее предложение favourable ~ выгодное предложение firm ~ твердое предложение first ~ первое предложение friendly tender ~ бирж. предложение о приобретении компании дружеской компанией hostile tender ~ бирж. попытка конкурента овладеть контролем над компанией путем скупки ее акций hostile tender ~ бирж. предложение о покупке контрольного пакета акций компании introductory ~ предварительное предложение job ~ предложение работы ~ предложение;
    to keep one's offer open оставить свое предложение в силе loan ~ предложение кредита loan ~ предложение ссуды make an ~ вносить предложение make an ~ выдвигать предложение offer выдвигать, предлагать вниманию ~ оферта ~ попытка;
    (goods) on offer в продаже ~ предлагать ~ предлагать;
    выражать готовность ~ предлагать для продажи ~ предлагать для продажи по определенной цене;
    предлагать определенную цену ~ предлагать цену ~ предложение ~ предложение;
    to keep one's offer open оставить свое предложение в силе ~ предложение заключить сделку ~ предложение товара для продажи ~ предложение цены ~ приносить (жертву;
    особ. offer up) ;
    возносить (молитвы) ;
    to offer prayers молиться ~ пытаться;
    пробовать;
    to offer resistance оказывать сопротивление;
    to offer to strike пытаться ударить ~ случаться, являться;
    as chance (или opportunity, occasion) offers при случае to ~ an apology извиняться;
    to offer a free pardon обещать полное прощение to ~ an apology извиняться;
    to offer a free pardon обещать полное прощение to ~ one's hand сделать предложение;
    to offer an opinion выразить мнение to ~ no other prospect than не сулить ничего иного кроме;
    to offer battle дать бой ~ for public sale предложение для аукциона ~ for sale предлагать для продажи ~ for sale предложение ценных бумаг для продажи широкой публике с последующей котировкой на бирже to ~ hope внушать надежду;
    to offer prospects( of smth.) сулить, обещать (что-л.) ~ in principle предложение в принципе to ~ no other prospect than не сулить ничего иного кроме;
    to offer battle дать бой ~ of marriage предложение вступить в брак to ~ one's hand протянуть руку to ~ one's hand сделать предложение;
    to offer an opinion выразить мнение ~ приносить (жертву;
    особ. offer up) ;
    возносить (молитвы) ;
    to offer prayers молиться to ~ hope внушать надежду;
    to offer prospects (of smth.) сулить, обещать (что-л.) ~ пытаться;
    пробовать;
    to offer resistance оказывать сопротивление;
    to offer to strike пытаться ударить resistance: ~ сопротивление;
    противодействие;
    to offer resistance оказывать сопротивление;
    line of least resistance линия наименьшего сопротивления ~ to pay предложение произвести оплату ~ пытаться;
    пробовать;
    to offer resistance оказывать сопротивление;
    to offer to strike пытаться ударить ~ попытка;
    (goods) on offer в продаже opening ~ начальное предложение original ~ первоначальное предложение pay ~ предложение о размере заработной платы public ~ открытое для публики предложение ценных бумаг public ~ публичный выпуск новых акций redemption ~ предложение о выкупе refund ~ предложение о компенсации soft ~ льготное предложение special ~ специальное предложение to take the first opportunity that ~s воспользоваться первой же представившейся возможностью trial ~ предварительное предложение trial ~ пробное предложение verbal ~ предложение в устной форме

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > offer

  • 8 offer

    [ˈɔfə]
    advantageous offer выгодное предложение offer случаться, являться; as chance (или opportunity, occasion) offers при случае attractive offer заманчивое предложение bargain offer предложение о заключении сделки bargain offer предложение о продаже best offer бирж. наилучшее предложение best offer бирж. предложение наиболее выгодной цены binding offer обязывающее предложение cash refund offer предложение возврата наличных денег closing offer окончательное предложение contract offer контрактное предложение contractual offer договорное предложение cross offer встречное предложение effective offer действующее предложение favourable offer выгодное предложение firm offer твердое предложение first offer первое предложение friendly tender offer бирж. предложение о приобретении компании дружеской компанией hostile tender offer бирж. попытка конкурента овладеть контролем над компанией путем скупки ее акций hostile tender offer бирж. предложение о покупке контрольного пакета акций компании introductory offer предварительное предложение job offer предложение работы offer предложение; to keep one's offer open оставить свое предложение в силе loan offer предложение кредита loan offer предложение ссуды make an offer вносить предложение make an offer выдвигать предложение offer выдвигать, предлагать вниманию offer оферта offer попытка; (goods) on offer в продаже offer предлагать offer предлагать; выражать готовность offer предлагать для продажи offer предлагать для продажи по определенной цене; предлагать определенную цену offer предлагать цену offer предложение offer предложение; to keep one's offer open оставить свое предложение в силе offer предложение заключить сделку offer предложение товара для продажи offer предложение цены offer приносить (жертву; особ. offer up); возносить (молитвы); to offer prayers молиться offer пытаться; пробовать; to offer resistance оказывать сопротивление; to offer to strike пытаться ударить offer случаться, являться; as chance (или opportunity, occasion) offers при случае to offer an apology извиняться; to offer a free pardon обещать полное прощение to offer an apology извиняться; to offer a free pardon обещать полное прощение to offer one's hand сделать предложение; to offer an opinion выразить мнение to offer no other prospect than не сулить ничего иного кроме; to offer battle дать бой offer for public sale предложение для аукциона offer for sale предлагать для продажи offer for sale предложение ценных бумаг для продажи широкой публике с последующей котировкой на бирже to offer hope внушать надежду; to offer prospects (of smth.) сулить, обещать (что-л.) offer in principle предложение в принципе to offer no other prospect than не сулить ничего иного кроме; to offer battle дать бой offer of marriage предложение вступить в брак to offer one's hand протянуть руку to offer one's hand сделать предложение; to offer an opinion выразить мнение offer приносить (жертву; особ. offer up); возносить (молитвы); to offer prayers молиться to offer hope внушать надежду; to offer prospects (of smth.) сулить, обещать (что-л.) offer пытаться; пробовать; to offer resistance оказывать сопротивление; to offer to strike пытаться ударить resistance: offer сопротивление; противодействие; to offer resistance оказывать сопротивление; line of least resistance линия наименьшего сопротивления offer to pay предложение произвести оплату offer пытаться; пробовать; to offer resistance оказывать сопротивление; to offer to strike пытаться ударить offer попытка; (goods) on offer в продаже opening offer начальное предложение original offer первоначальное предложение pay offer предложение о размере заработной платы public offer открытое для публики предложение ценных бумаг public offer публичный выпуск новых акций redemption offer предложение о выкупе refund offer предложение о компенсации soft offer льготное предложение special offer специальное предложение to take the first opportunity that offers воспользоваться первой же представившейся возможностью trial offer предварительное предложение trial offer пробное предложение verbal offer предложение в устной форме

    English-Russian short dictionary > offer

  • 9 stay

    ̈ɪsteɪ I
    1. сущ.
    1) а) пребывание, жительство б) остановка, стоянка в) разг. выносливость;
    выдержка г) юр. отсрочка, приостановка судопроизводства
    2) а) опора, поддержка б) связь, оттяжка;
    мн.;
    уст. корсет (тж. pair of stays) в) тех. люнет
    2. гл.
    1) а) оставаться, задерживаться (тж. stay on) it has come to stay разг. ≈ это надолго stay put Syn: remain б) останавливать, сдерживать;
    задерживать в) (особ. в повел. накл.) медлить, ждать г) юр. приостанавливать судопроизводство
    2) останавливаться, жить (at) ;
    гостить( with)
    3) а) утолять (боль, голод и т. п.) to stay one's hunger/stomach ≈ заморить червячка б) разг. выдерживать, выносить, быть в состоянии продолжать;
    не отставать
    4) а) придавать жесткость, стойкость или прочность конструкции;
    поддерживать, связывать, укреплять б) затягивать в корсет ∙ stay away stay down stay for stay in stay off stay on stay out stay over stay up stay with to stay the course ≈ выдержать до конца( борьбу и т. п.) II гл.;
    мор.
    1) укреплять;
    оттягивать
    2) делать поворот оверштаг пребывание - a long * in London длительное пребывание в Лондоне промедление, задержка;
    остановка - a * upon smb.'s activity помеха в чьей-л. деятельности - to endure no * не терпеть промедления - to put a * on smth. тормозить что-л. выносливость, выдержка (юридическое) отсрочка, приостановление производства дела - * of proceedings приостановление судопроизводства (по делу) ;
    (редкое) прекращение судопроизводства - * of execution приостановление исполнения решения оставаться, не уходить - to * in bed лежать в постели, болеть - to * to dinner остаться обедать - * here (with me) ! останьтесь /побудьте/ здесь( со мной) ! - he *ed with us он остался с нами - he *ed for me after dinner после обеда он задержался, чтобы подождать меня - I can't * мне нужно идти - I can only * a few minutes через несколько минут я должен буду уйти - there is no *ing at home in such fine weather нельзя сидеть дома в такую дивную погоду останавливаться, гостить - to * at /in/ a hotel останавливаться в гостинице - to * at the seaside жить у моря - to * with friends гостить у друзей - to come to * приехать надолго /навсегда/ - to * overnight переночевать( где-л.) - to * over the weekend пробыть( у кого-л.) субботу и воскресенье - he came for a brief visit but *ed (on) for two months он приехал ненадолго, а прожил два месяца - why don't you * with us when you next visit Oxford? почему бы вам не остановиться у нас в ваш следующий приезд в Оксфорд? приостанавливать, задерживать - to * bloodshed остановить кровотечение;
    прекратить, остановить кровопролитие - to * the spread of a disease задержать распространение болезни - to * the rise of prices приостановить рост цен - to * proceedings (юридическое) приостанавливать судопроизводство - to * judgement отсрочить вынесение судебного решения медлить, ждать - * a little before going on with your work передохните немного, а уж потом продолжайте работу утолять - to * one's appetite /one's hunger, one's stomach/ утолить голод, заморить червячка - he offered her a snack to * her stomach он предложил ей перекусить, чтобы заморить червячка ( разговорное) выдерживать, выносить - to * the course продержаться до конца - to * the distance( спортивное) не сойти с дистанции( разговорное) не отставать, не сдавать позиций - to * with the leaders быть в лидирующей группе (в беге и т. п.) - I am confident that no rival could * with him я убежден, что у него нет достойного противника (with) (разговорное) терпеливо выслушивать - * with me a minute longer, I'm sure that I can convince you послушай меня еще минутку. Я уверен, что смогу убедить тебя пребывать, оставаться ( в каком-л. состоянии или положении) - to * calm сохранять спокойствие - to * young оставаться молодым, сохранять молодость - he never *s sober он вечно пьян - he *ed single он не женился - these linen won't * white это белье пожелтеет - the weather *ed bad for three days в течение трех дней стояла скверная погода - the shop *s open till 8 p.m. магазин открыт до 8 часов вечера (out of, off) оставаться вне какого-л. положения, состояния и т. п. - to * out of reach оставаться вне пределов досягаемости - you'll have to * off sweets if you want to reduce weight вам придется отказаться от сладостей, если вы хотите сбросить вес( южно-африканское) (австралийское) жить, проживать, жительствовать постоянно > to * one's hand воздержаться от действий > to * put оставаться на месте;
    не двигаться;
    оставаться неизменным, вечным > the earring won't * put эта серьга все время падает > his name will * put in the history of contemporary literature его имя навеки вписано в историю современной литературы > to (have) come to *, to be here to * установиться, укорениться;
    войти во всеобщее употребление;
    увековечиться > the principle of equal opportunity for men and women has come /is here/ to * принцип равных возможностей для мужчин и женщин укоренился навек > to * on top of smb. сохранять превосходство над кем-л. > the teachers need to be resourceful to * on top of these youngsters учителям нужно быть находчивыми, чтобы никогда не уронить себя перед ребятами опора, поддержка - the only * of the family единственная опора семьи обыкн. pl корсет, шнуровка( техническое) стойка;
    опора;
    люнет (станка) ;
    подкос;
    оттяжка;
    соединительная тяга( морское) опора;
    оттяжка;
    штаг - in *s бейдевинд поддерживать, подпирать;
    укреплять (техническое) связывать;
    придавать жесткость (тж. * up) затягивать в корсет (морское) укреплять штагами;
    оттягивать (морское) делать поворот оверштаг to come to ~ войти в употребление, укорениться, привиться, получить признание;
    it has come to stay разг. это надолго ~ опора, поддержка;
    he is the stay of his old age он его опора в старости (о ком-л.) ~ пребывание;
    I shall make a week's stay there я пробуду там неделю to come to ~ войти в употребление, укорениться, привиться, получить признание;
    it has come to stay разг. это надолго stay разг. выдерживать, выносить, быть в состоянии продолжать;
    не отставать ~ разг. выносливость;
    выдержка ~ мор. делать поворот оверштаг ~ задерживать ~ задержка ~ затягивать в корсет ~ pl уст. корсет (тж. pair of stays) ~ тех. люнет ~ (особ. в повел. накл.) медлить, ждать;
    stay! not so fast! подождите!, не так быстро!;
    куда вы торопитесь? ~ медлить ~ опора, поддержка;
    he is the stay of his old age он его опора в старости (о ком-л.) ~ оставаться, задерживаться (тж. stay on) ;
    stay here till I return побудьте здесь, пока я не вернусь ~ оставаться ~ останавливать, сдерживать;
    задерживать;
    to stay one's hand воздерживаться от действия ~ останавливаться, жить (at) ;
    гостить (with) ~ останавливаться ~ остановка;
    стоянка ~ остановка ~ отсрочивать ~ юр. отсрочка, приостановка судопроизводства ~ отсрочка ~ пребывание;
    I shall make a week's stay there я пробуду там неделю ~ пребывание ~ пребывать ~ придавать жесткость, стойкость или прочность конструкции;
    поддерживать, укреплять, связывать ~ приостанавливать ~ юр. приостанавливать судопроизводство;
    stay away не приходить, не являться ~ приостановление ~ приостановление производства дела ~ промедление ~ связь;
    оттяжка ~ мор. укреплять;
    оттягивать ~ утолять (боль, голод и т. п.) ;
    to stay one's hunger (или stomach) = заморить червячка ~ юр. приостанавливать судопроизводство;
    stay away не приходить, не являться to ~ away (from smb., smth.) держаться подальше( от кого-л., чего-л.) ;
    stay in оставаться дома, не выходить to ~ calm (cool) сохранять спокойствие (хладнокровие) ~ оставаться, задерживаться (тж. stay on) ;
    stay here till I return побудьте здесь, пока я не вернусь to ~ away (from smb., smth.) держаться подальше (от кого-л., чего-л.) ;
    stay in оставаться дома, не выходить ~ (особ. в повел. накл.) медлить, ждать;
    stay! not so fast! подождите!, не так быстро!;
    куда вы торопитесь? ~ of eviction приостановление выселения ~ of execution отсрочка исполнения решения ~ of execution приостановление исполнения решения ~ of proceedings отсрочка судопроизводства ~ of proceedings приостановление судопроизводства ~ on продолжать оставаться;
    задерживаться ~ останавливать, сдерживать;
    задерживать;
    to stay one's hand воздерживаться от действия ~ утолять (боль, голод и т. п.) ;
    to stay one's hunger (или stomach) = заморить червячка ~ out не возвращаться домой ~ out отсутствовать ~ out пересидеть (других гостей) ;
    stay up не ложиться спать;
    to stay the course выдержать до конца (борьбу и т. п.) to ~ put разг. оставаться неизменным to ~ put разг. оставаться неподвижным, замереть на месте;
    оставаться на месте ~ out пересидеть (других гостей) ;
    stay up не ложиться спать;
    to stay the course выдержать до конца (борьбу и т. п.) ~ out пересидеть (других гостей) ;
    stay up не ложиться спать;
    to stay the course выдержать до конца (борьбу и т. п.) temporary ~ временная остановка

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > stay

  • 10 stay

    I
    1. [steı] n
    1. пребывание

    a long [a short, a week's] stay in London [in a hospital] - длительное [краткое, недельное] пребывание в Лондоне [в больнице]

    2. промедление, задержка; остановка

    a stay upon smb.'s activity - помеха в чьей-л. деятельности

    to put a stay on smth. - тормозить что-л.

    3. выносливость, выдержка
    4. юр. отсрочка, приостановление производства дела

    stay of proceedings - а) приостановление судопроизводства ( по делу); б) редк. прекращение судопроизводства

    2. [steı] v
    1. оставаться, не уходить

    to stay in bed - лежать в постели, болеть

    to stay to dinner [to supper] - остаться обедать [ужинать]

    stay here (with me)! - останьтесь /побудьте/ здесь (со мной)!

    he stayed for me after dinner - после обеда он задержался, чтобы подождать меня

    there is no staying at home in such fine weather - нельзя сидеть дома в такую дивную погоду

    2. останавливаться, гостить

    to stay at /in/ a hotel - останавливаться в гостинице

    to come to stay - приехать надолго /навсегда/ [ср. тж. ♢ ]

    to stay over the weekend [through the holidays] - пробыть (у кого-л.) субботу и воскресенье [весь отпуск]

    he came for a brief visit but stayed (on) for two months - он приехал ненадолго, а прожил два месяца

    why don't you stay with us when you next visit Oxford? - почему бы вам не остановиться у нас в ваш следующий приезд в Оксфорд?

    3. приостанавливать, задерживать

    to stay bloodshed - а) остановить кровотечение; б) прекратить, остановить кровопролитие

    to stay proceedings - юр. приостанавливать судопроизводство

    4. медлить, ждать

    stay a little before going on with your work - передохните немного, а уж потом продолжайте работу

    5. утолять

    to stay one's appetite /one's hunger, one's stomach/ - утолить голод, заморить червячка

    he offered her a snack to stay her stomach - он предложил ей перекусить, чтобы заморить червячка

    6. разг.
    1) выдерживать, выносить

    to stay the distance - спорт. не сойти с дистанции

    2) не отставать, не сдавать позиций

    I am confident that no rival could stay with him - я убеждён, что у него нет достойного противника

    3) (with) разг. терпеливо выслушивать

    stay with me a minute longer. I'm sure that I can convince you - послушай меня ещё минутку; Я уверен, что смогу убедить тебя

    7. 1) пребывать, оставаться (в каком-л. состоянии или положении)

    to stay calm [cool /still/] - сохранять спокойствие [хладнокровие]

    to stay young - оставаться молодым, сохранять молодость

    the weather stayed bad for three days - в течение трёх дней стояла скверная погода

    the shop stays open till 8 p.m. - магазин открыт до 8 часов вечера

    2) (out of, off) оставаться вне какого-л. положения, состояния и т. п.

    you'll have to stay off sweets if you want to reduce weight - вам придётся отказаться от сладостей, если вы хотите сбросить вес

    8. южно-афр., австрал. жить, проживать, жительствовать постоянно

    ♢ to stay one's hand - воздержаться от действий

    to stay put - а) оставаться на месте; не двигаться; the earring won't stay put - эта серьга всё время падает; б) оставаться неизменным, вечным; his name will stay put in the history of contemporary literature - его имя навеки вписано в историю современной литературы

    to (have) come to stay, to be here to stay - установиться, укорениться; войти во всеобщее употребление; увековечиться [ср. тж. 2]

    the principle of equal opportunity for men and women has come /is here/ to stay - принцип равных возможностей для мужчин и женщин укоренился навек

    to stay on top of smb. - сохранять превосходство над кем-л.

    the teachers need to be resourceful to stay on top of these youngsters - учителям нужно быть находчивыми, чтобы никогда не уронить себя перед ребятами

    II
    1. [steı] n
    1. опора, поддержка
    2. обыкн. pl корсет, шнуровка
    3. тех.
    1) стойка; опора
    2) люнет ( станка)
    3) подкос
    4) оттяжка
    5) соединительная тяга
    4. мор.
    1) опора; оттяжка
    2) штаг
    2. [steı] v
    1. 1) поддерживать, подпирать; укреплять
    2) тех. связывать; придавать жёсткость (тж. stay up)
    2. затягивать в корсет
    3. мор.
    1) укреплять штагами; оттягивать
    2) делать поворот оверштаг

    НБАРС > stay

  • 11 advantage

    n
    1) преимущество; превосходство
    - score an advantage of smb.
    - win an advantage of smb.
    - get an advantage of smb.
    - obtain an advantage of smb.
    - gain an advantage of smb.
    - get an advantage of smb.
    - obtain an advantage of smb.
    - score an advantage of smb.
    - gain an advantage of smb.
    - win an advantage of smb.
    - have an advantage of smb.
    2) выгода, польза
    - use smth. to one's advantage
    •

    English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > advantage

  • 12 practice

    ['præktɪs]
    n
    1) практика, упражнение, тренировка

    I haven't done much practice. — Я мало тренировался/упражнялся.

    It takes a great deal of practice. — Это требует большой тренировки.

    Correct spelling will only come from extensive practice. — Правописание нельзя усвоить без длительных упражнений.

    The first requirement in the study of a language is constant practice. — При изучении языка необходимо постоянно упражняться.

    - good practice
    - group practice
    - daily target practice
    - teaching practice
    - nursing practice
    - daily piano practice
    - regular practice
    - practice ground
    - practice lesson
    - practice in music
    - opportunity for practice in a language
    - practice upon a music instrument
    - theory and practice
    - lack of practice
    - without considerable practice
    - be out of practice
    - have much practice
    - make a practice of daily exercise
    - need much practice
    - improve smth by practice
    - relate theory and practice
    - teach through practice
    2) практика, бизнес, деятельность

    His practice drops off. — Его практика/клиентура уменьшается.

    It is nota usual practice for shops to stay open after 6 o'clock. — Магазины, как правило, после шести часов уже не работают.

    I'll lend you the money this time, but I don't intend to make a practice of it. — На этот раз я дам тебе денег взаймы, но в дальнейшем на это не рассчитывай.

    - honest commercial practice
    - entirely new practice
    - dishonest practices
    - established diplomatic practice
    - present-day practice
    - law practice
    - dental practice
    - one's practice
    - smb's practice
    - established practice
    - corrupt practice
    - common practice among students
    - practice of getting up early
    - practice of shaking hands
    - bad practice to allow a boy much pocket-money
    - practice of advertising
    - contrary to modern practice
    - series of unfair practices
    - example of this principle in practice
    - birth control through contraceptive practices
    - according to European practice
    - in actual practice
    - in theory and in practice
    - enter into private practice
    - begin the practice of dentistry
    - defend the practice on the ground that...
    - do away with the practice
    - forbid a practice
    - have a poor practice
    - have a large practice
    - have an extensive practice
    - have practice in dealing with such people
    - have practice in cooking this meal
    - introduce an entirely new practice
    - lack practice
    - make it a practice to do smth
    - observe the practice
    - obtain practice in nursing the sick
    - put one's plan into practice
    - put a plan in practice
    - put a theory into practice
    - see how smth works in practice
    - set up practice
    - settle in the practice of law
    - turn to medical practice
    3) обычай, обряд, ритуал, манера поведения, происки

    It is not the practice here for women to appear in the street in shorts. — Здесь не принято, чтобы женщины появлялись на улице в шортах.

    Practice is the best master. — ◊ Делу дело учит.

    Practice makes perfect. — ◊ Навык мастера ставит

    - magical practices
    - black-market practices
    - unethical practices
    - artful practices
    - discreditable practices
    - sharp practice
    - corrupt practices
    - charlatan practices
    - practice of trade
    - shameful practices of a blackmailer
    - open practice of vice
    - practice of rising early
    - observe the practice of smth
    - break smb of some practice
    - return to fprmer practices

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > practice

См. также в других словарях:

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  • Equal Employment Opportunity — UK US noun [C or U] (ABBREVIATION EEO) HR, LAW, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ► the principle that all people should have the same opportunities when applying for jobs and at work, and should not be treated unfairly because of their sex, race, religion,… …   Financial and business terms

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